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O-2013-12-01ORDINANCE NO. 2013-12-01 ' AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ALLEN, COLLIN COUNTY, TEXAS, AMENDING THE 1998 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ADOPTED BY ORDINANCE 1616-7-98 AS AMENDED, BY ADOPTING CHAPTER 4A THE CONSOLIDATED ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION/ RECREATIONAL TRAIL PLAN, ATTACHED HERETO AS EXHIBIT "A," AMENDING THE ALLEN LAND DEVELOPMENT CODE BY ADDING APPENDIX I, DESIGN STANDARDS, AND AMENDING APPENDIX A, DEFINITIONS; PROVIDING A SEVERABILITY CLAUSE; PROVIDING A REPEALING CLAUSE; PROVIDING A SAVINGS CLAUSE; PROVIDING A PENALTY OF FINE NOT TO EXCEED TWO THOUSAND DOLLARS ($2,000); AND PROVIDING FOR AN EFFECTIVE DATE. WHEREAS, the primary objectives of trail location is to design a trail that produces a minimum impact on the land and on nearby landowners, to choose an alignment that is visually pleasing and provides a variety of views and experiences, to take advantage of the natural terrain and vegetation, to include proper safety considerations, and to provide a trail that requires minimum maintenance; and, WHEREAS, commercial, employment, educational, parks and other community facilities should be linked to the Plan; and, WHEREAS, environmentally -sensitive areas require a careful balance between the need for recreation and protection of natural resources; and, ' WHEREAS, considerations for lighting along and adjacent to the path should be evaluated to avoid lighting environmentally -sensitive areas that might disturb wildlife; and, WHEREAS, signs along trails should provide traffic control, regulatory information, identity, and interpretive information; and, WHEREAS, existing landform should be respected by minimizing trail impacts and aligning trails with the existing topography to minimize grading, and tree loss impacts, providing a sense of transition from one area to the next; and, WHEREAS, a loop system should be established to allow for a continually unique trail -user experience and to capitalize on amenities within existing parks, amenities including seating should be established at unique land and water features, scenic vistas, and gathering places along the trail system. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ALLEN, COLLIN COUNTY, TEXAS, THAT: SECTION 1. The 1998 Comprehensive Plan, as amended, is hereby amended to add Chapter 4A Consolidated Alternative Transportation/Recreational Trail Plan, attached hereto as Exhibit "A." SECTION 2. The Allen Land Development Code is hereby amended to add Appendix 1, Trail Design Standards to read as follows: ' "Appendix I Trail Design Standards A. Hard Surface Trails Design Objectives ' • The alignment should follow the contours of the land and the natural drainage patterns. The trail should not appear to be carved out of the terrain. • Trails should be gently curvilinear, and may include a combination of radii and straight segments. Serpentine or sinuous trail alignments are not desirable and should be limited to instances where tree preservation necessitates such alignments. • Meanders in trails should appear to have a purpose, and should not be haphazard or regular. • Create functional, efficient circulation patterns that present and preserve the natural terrain and vegetation to the greatest extent possible. • Locate intersections at natural focal points such as scenic vistas and convenient access points. Design 900 trail intersections with tum radii at a minimum of 10'-0". Larger turn radii may be acceptable when trails intersect at planting beds, signage, or other focal points. • Where conditions apply, trails shall align with existing or future crosswalks at streets. These intersections shall incorporate handicap accessible ramps that meet the design criteria of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Design Standards b. Prepared Sub -grade —Over -excavate unstable subgrade soils where encountered and replace with city approved fill material. Compact all fill to 95% standard proctor @ -2% to +4% optimum. Remove all topsoil prior to subgrade preparation and use in finish grading work along trail edges after concrete has cured. Import additional soil backfill as needed for trail edges to provide a minimum 3 -foot wide trail shoulder (AASHTO) and an embankment blended with existing grade on both sides of the trail. All embankments must be constructed at mowable slopes (4:1 grade or less). ry°" Pavement Structure — The standard pavement is reinforced _ _ - Portland cement concrete (concrete mix: 5 -sack, 3,000 pounds/square inch minimum, 3- _ ,,, 5 inch slump, 10% fly ash . E..µ"re•xcno� content maximum) with a :c uis transverse light to medium broom ono» finish. One inch (14 mm) redwood expansion joints shall be placed in the trail at an interval of 20 feet in 10' wide trails and 24' feet in S -foot side trails. Expansion joints shall be topped and sealed with a self -leveling elasmmerlc joint compound, flush with the top surface of pavement on both sides of the joint. Contraction joints shall be placed at intervals equal to the trail width and shall be of a depth of one-fourth the pavement thickness. The joints shall be saw -cut one-fourth inch (3.175 mm) wide. For optimum user Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 2 comfort, the finished surface of trails should not vary more than .02 feet (0.63 cm) from the lower edge of an 8 -foot (2.4 m) long straight edge when laid on the surface ' in any direction. The trail concrete thickness shall be 5 inches minimum. The M w.o LAH Fu Mo` 516N.KE TO KMRT . LYmMSOf LPW4MG Figure 1 a. Trail Intersection reinforcement shall be #3 (minimum) deformed steel bar at a maximum of 18 inches on center, both ways, on chairs (welded wire mesh is not acceptable). C. Width & Clearance — Trails on which a mix of bicycle, pedestrian and other non - motorized transportation, and large maintenance vehicles, are required to navigate steep grades, should be 12 feet (3.7 m) wide. Otherwise, a 10 -foot (3 m) width is adequate. The minimum width of a one -directional bicycle path is 10 feet for maintenance access and passing room for cyclists. One-way bicycle paths often will be used as two-way facilities unless effective measures are taken to assure one-way operation. The optimum vertical clearance of obstructions over a trail is 10 feet (3 m) or higher, which accommodates maintenance, patrol, and emergency vehicle access. All underpasses and tunnels should be a minimum of 10 feet in height. The standard ' minimum vertical clearance is 8 feet (2.4 m). If vertical clearances under bridges and other structures is less than 10 feet, the clearance shall be clearly posted with warning signage to alert approaching trail users. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 3 d. E%P JOIM ID' 04. rUIN SLffVII'U* ON ONE ENp O W/4' I-1/4'— LOMIaOL JDIM Figure 2. Hard Surface Concrete Trail WIpTH PARKS DEPARTMENT 3D' SELELTIVE R &ARDIN6 TREE TIIINNIN6 PRESERVATION WIDTN A Moor minimum (0.9 m) wide graded shoulder should be constructed and maintained adjacent to both sides of the trail surface. Two feet (0.6 m) is the minimum width for the adjacent graded area; although a 3 -foot (0.92 m) width clearance should be provided from trees, poles, walls, fences, guardrails, etc. or their lateral obstructions whenever possible. In instances where trees or other obstacles may encroach within this space, warning signage should be provided. A 5 -foot (1.8 m) lateral separation is desirable from any embankment that the cyclist would have difficulty encountering. If this is not possible, a positive barrier such as dense shrubbery, safety railing, walls, or fencing shall be provided. All barrier material shall conform to City of Allen standards. Design Speed —Trails intended for bicycle usage should be designed for a selected speed that is at least as high as the preferred speed of the fastest anticipated cyclist. In Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 4 general, a minimum design speed of 20 mph (32 km/h) should be used when trail grades do not exceed 5%. It is the intent of the Plan to design accessible routes linking all destinations and nodes within the city. It is at the discretion of the city to allow for the creation of alternate routes to destinations that may exceed those standards established by ADA. In those instances where strong prevailing tail winds exist or trail grades may exceed 5%, a design speed of 30 mph (48 km/h) is advisable. Speed bumps or similar surface obstructions intended to slow down cyclists which would pose a trip hazard for other trail users should never be used. e. Soft surface paths and trails are not to be used by cyclists because of the damage to unpaved surfaces. f. Horizontal Alignment & Superelevation — The minimum radius of curvature negotiable by a bicycle is a function of the superelevation rate of the trail surface, and the speed of the bicycle. The minimum design radius of curvature can be derived from the following formula: R=V' 15 (e+f) Where: R = Minimum radius of curvature (ft) V = Design speed e = Rate of superelevation I = Coefficient of friction ' TABLE 1: Minimum Radii for Paved Bicycle Paths Design Speed Friction Factor (1 MPH=1.6 km/hr) (l ft=0.3 m) 20 0.27 25 0.25 30 0.22 35 0.19 40 0.17 Trails shall not exceed a 2% cross -slope. The city may allow for the construction of additional and alternate routes that exceed the standards established within ADA, provided however, the super -elevation does not exceed a 5% slope. Minimum radius varies depending on cross slope. The coefficient of friction depends upon speed, surface type, roughness, and condition, type and tire condition, and whether the surface is wet or dry. Friction factors used for design should be selected based upon the point at which centrifugal force causes the bicyclist to recognize a feeling of discomfort and instinctively act to avoid higher speed. Extrapolating values used in highway design, design friction factors for paved bicycle paths are assumed to vary from 0.30 at 15 mph (24 km/h) to 0.22 at 30 mph (48 km/h). Friction factors shall be reduced by 50% on unpaved surfaces and in areas likely to be wet, shaded, etc. ' When curves of lesser radii than those recommended must be used on bicycle paths because of limited right-of-way, topographical or other considerations, standard curve warning signs and supplemental pavement markings should be installed in Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 5 accordance with the MUTCD. It is advisable to widen the path in order to increase the lateral space available to cyclists as they lean to the inside of the turn (see Figure 4). The amount of widening should be limited to a maximum of 4 feet (1.2 m). Figure 4. Trail Widening R . R IU5 DF QI TURE MF TABLE II W . UNDTM G BXCEWAY Q . CENTRAL .N E 6TUE CURVE DR DE LECTIW ME EN SEGMENTS MAXII WIDENING SMALL BE LIMITED TO 1 FEET WEN WIDENING REACHES 4 FEETfe � % 4 THAT WIDTW SHALL BE CA ED W A RADIU9 CF R.4 THR W TME CENTAL FR TIW 6 THE As SMDUN. g. Grade — Longitudinal gradients on trails shall not exceed 5% except in unusual circumstances. Alternate routes with grades over 5% and less than 500 feet (152.5 m) are acceptable only when a higher design speed or additional width is provided. In cases where the minimum grade must be exceeded, an alternate trail route must be constructed providing ADA accessibility. The absolute maximum gradient for a trail intended for bike usage is 8%. Sustained grades are ideally limited to 2% for multipurpose trails. Grades steeper than 3% should not be used with crashed stone surfaces. Grades of up to 5% are acceptable for bridges with 10 ft (3 m) shoulders or paths where a leveling off at the base of the incline permits adequate recovery before an intersection or other conflict point. It. Sight Distance - Figure 5 indicates the minimum stopping sight distance for various design speeds and grades based on a total perception and brake reaction time of 2.5 seconds and a coefficient of friction of 0.25 to account for the poor wet weather braking characteristics of many bicycles. For two-way shared use paths, the sight distance in the descending direction, that is, where "G" is negative, will control the design. Use Figure 6 to select the minimum length of vertical curve necessary to provide minimum stopping sight distance at various speeds on crest vertical curves. The eye height of the bicyclist is assumed to be 4.5 feet (1.4 m) and the object height is assumed to be zero as impediments to bicycle travel usually exist at pavement level. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 6 1 sm.00 eo0.00 c 9 500.00 0 ao0.00 N 300.00 0 N 200.00 Grade(%7 Descend ------ 5 = V .367V Ascend 30Y t GI Where 5 = stopping sight distance (hl V = selocity(.Ph) If coelicren[of fricbon(use 0.25) G grade 01110(rise/run) Figure 7 indicates the minimum clearance that should be used to line of sight obstructions for horizontal curves. The lateral clearance is obtained by entering Figure 7 with the stopping sight distance for Figure 5 and the proposed horizontal radius of curvature. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 7 LI Cyclists frequently ride abreast of each other on trails. On narrow trails cyclists have a tendency to ride near the middle of the path. For these reasons, and because of the 3 a Figure 6. Vertical Curve length 590 r - urayr rr.w o... i - mo _ ywq 0 M 25 rwar orlr ., o -m w w K9��u �n tram u serious consequences of a head-on bicycle crash, lateral clearances on horizontal curves should be calculated based on the sum of the stopping sight distances for cyclists traveling in opposite directions around the curve. Where this is not possible or feasible, consideration should be given to widening the path through the curve, installing a non-skid yellow center stripe, installing a "curve ahead" warning sign in accordance with the MUTCD (Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices), or a combination of these alternatives. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 8 MEM .... .. . ....::.......:: 0.0 in n9•rnr., a..(r EER. n;:nuovuucr•.vno m..nanuvnr..nr..s: n;uu. nn............. r..ru.rro•.o..... .ov.. 2 .is. vt •.:::n:vrooi..a'i.o.UM"Sn"..::i:•.isisi:.iiii: :�Y • mnuu....n ....uvur.v.ur•.n.rnncoanr mu' :uoo..u.u......onrr.....•un.vr...00,..ruu.. �..�. ......... : nwo.ruu....•.q...rocv..r....:f-.ra ossu...r..o.. . a.onnv..a„uruumo.n..eon.! nrn:uuruv:m Mmd.. E•:�•' :: .. .: . .. . irY .. ::..,...... U.:Ilas MINN a r• . •- • fr f n • • . • i. . •. r...,r ..N. i II 11=11 11 II II=11 II 11 �I-1 - - 1 - shall be provided to convey the intercepted water under the path. The length of cross culverts should be extended to include the clear zone as well as the path width, and should be backfilled to provide an uninterrupted clear zone. Drainage grates and manhole covers should be located outside of the travel path of bicyclists. To assist in draining the area adjacent to the trail, the design should include considerations for preserving the natural ground cover. Seeding, mulching, and sodding of adjacent slopes, swales, and other erosion -prone areas shall accompany trail construction and shall be implemented by the trail builder. Where trails pass underneath highway bridges, existing deck drain discharges must be routed or reconstructed so that deck runoff will not discharge upon or flow across the bike path. Deck drainage can create ice and algae on the pavement as well as erode the pavement surface. B. Soft Surface Trails 1. Design Objectives • Materials should provide a stable surface and remain relatively dry • Color should be earthtone to blend with the natural environment and to minimize visual impact • Design for wheelchair accessibility wherever practical, with trail widths no less than 36 inches. In cases where a 36 -inch wide trail is designed, ensure that the adequate ' wheelchair passing areas are provided per ADA standards. • Minimize erosion of surface material at side drainage locations to limit washing, i.e., provide concrete pans or other erosion mitigating devices as approved by the city. 2. Design Standards a. prepared Sub -grade — Compact on-site material where approved by the City Engineer. Over -excavate if unstable sub -soils are encountered and replace with city - approved fill material. Compact all fill areas to 95% standard proctor @ -2% to +4% optimum. Remove all topsoil prior to subgrade preparation. The use of a geotextile fabric under the aggregate fines where installed in wet or unstable areas is recommended b. Trail Surface — 3/8 inch diameter crashed and compacted aggregate fines, such a crashed or decomposed granite with adequate binder, minimum 6 inch depth. C. Width & Clearance — Standard width for two-way trails is 8 feet with a minimum width of 36 inches. H Ordinance No. 2013-12-01. Page 10 I ADEQUATE MI PER Figure 9. Typical Gravel Fines SOIL � RESEED d. Grade, Sight Distance, Drainage — Refer to Design Objectives and Standards for Hard Surface Trails. C. Pedestrian Bridges And Low Water Crossings 1. Design Objectives • Trail crossings over creeks and drainage ways generally shall be by bridge. Prefabricated bridges require approval by the city. Bridges shall be of arched -truss design if in compliance with ADA longitudinal slope criteria. The minimum width of clear deck is 10 feet. All bridge foundation and abutment designs shall be sealed by a Texas professional engineer and approved by the city. ' • Design bridges that are sturdy, safe, vandal -resistant, and easily maintained: P o Deck with good skid resistance o Stabilize deck to minimize vibrations o Railing should be free of splinters and provide a smooth, clean surface to the touch o Railing design should allow views to creeks for persons of all heights, yet prevent anyone from falling through o Scale of bridge should be in keeping with its surroundings • Bridge color should blend with the natural environment or tie into the color scheme of adjacent development wxcnere rooriw �errt�A.w re L f. , . ,. 'I§TA ' .. Figure 10. Low Water Crossing Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Pagett • Integrate design with other elements throughout the corridor ' Low water crossings may be used at small stream crossings with the approval of the Parks and Recreation Department. (See Figure 10) 2. Design Standards Refer to Figure 11 for typical bridge design and Figure 10 for low water crossings. All bridges and low water crossing designs to be sealed by a registered Texas professional engineer and approved by the city. Low water crossings shall not exceed 3'-0" from path to flowline of the waterway or ravine. Any crossing exceeding this 3'-0" separation to permit the construction of ADA -compliant trail approaches to the crossing shall require a bridge. I E. Culvert Outfall Structures Design Objectives Many existing culvert pipe structures may need modification to meet trail safety and aesthetic standards. Culvert outfalls shall occur on the downhill side of trails. 2. Design Standards Refer to Figure 12 for culvert and pipe modifications along trails. A Texas registered professional engineer design and size all outfall pipes. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 12 yUw A. E� � •• obi ». AL To --_ -- P.""rr„L -- - - _- PAINTO A. 1. IA. Figure 11. Typical FLCOO IV.µ Bridge Design i yfGiAL PANNq- __ G% IILS 4X3RR _ aI, AT WC6¢ I E. Culvert Outfall Structures Design Objectives Many existing culvert pipe structures may need modification to meet trail safety and aesthetic standards. Culvert outfalls shall occur on the downhill side of trails. 2. Design Standards Refer to Figure 12 for culvert and pipe modifications along trails. A Texas registered professional engineer design and size all outfall pipes. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 12 C 1 Figure 12. Culvert Pipe Modification F. Underpass Structures Design Objectives Underpasses are key elements within the Plan. These elements provide safety and continuity by eliminating the need for users to interact and/or cross -busy sheets. 2. Design Standards Underpasses shall be constructed according to minimum vertical and horizontal clearances. All modified underpasses should meet these requirements. In situations where the underpass is straight (allowing clear visibility), two-way traffic can be accommodated. Underpasses under existing bridges shall conform to details on Figure 13. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 13 d � til I b 1416 a nrcu amnu cover srcrgn F. Underpass Structures Design Objectives Underpasses are key elements within the Plan. These elements provide safety and continuity by eliminating the need for users to interact and/or cross -busy sheets. 2. Design Standards Underpasses shall be constructed according to minimum vertical and horizontal clearances. All modified underpasses should meet these requirements. In situations where the underpass is straight (allowing clear visibility), two-way traffic can be accommodated. Underpasses under existing bridges shall conform to details on Figure 13. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 13 1 i" 1 n IN VZTIONS MERE THE TRAIL AFFRO TOC LVERT LNOERPA55 IS DIRELY AIJD THE CULVERT ITSELF STRN'6 FCR CLEAR VI511510 Y ANO A MINIFNI MI CP 13, TME USE of A SINGLE WLVERT CPN FUNCTION FORTY ~.TRAFFIC. APPROPRIATE 5161USE SN V Be PLACE FXIOR TO ENTERI" THE CULVERT Z 0, NGLE UNDERPASS _ RT.S 9 UNDERPASS UGIMING N.T3. D NEW CULVERT UNDERPASS N.T3. G. Bike Path Safety Railing Figure 13. Culvert Underpasses Design Objectives - Railings are required in situations where bicyclists or pedestrians may fall down an embankment or other vertical displacement. Railings, fences, or barriers on either side of a trail structure should extend 42 inches higher than the trail surface and should have smooth rub rails attached at handlebar height (3.5 feet) made of smooth metal or similar material. Railing ends shall be angled downwards and Bared away from the trail at either end of the railing to prevent cyclists and pedestrians from catching on the railing. Design Standards a. Refer to Figure 14 for typical construction. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 14 1 42" SAFET'( RAIL SLOPE IS BIKE PA-fHEOLJAL 5T OR STEEPEF ER THAN 3 f L 55 THAN -. 5' Figure 14. Safety Railing H. Signed Shared Roadways (Bike Routes) 1. Design Objectives • Provide through and direct travel in bicycle demand corridors • Cormect discontinuous segments of shared used paths, bike lanes, and or routes. -LAKE ENG OF RAIL -NG AAA" T`RO'Y TRAIL A- 60 DEGREE ANGLE • Provide a common route for _ bicyclist through a high demand corridor. • Provide extensions along local neighborhood streets and collectors that lead to commercial, employment, educational, parks and other community facilities. 2. Design Standards S SHOC_DER • Bike route signs may be used on streets with bike lanes, as well as on shared used paths. • Route signs should include destination information. • Minor trail signs shall be located at all intersections where the bike route changes direction. • Additional route signs should be located in accordance with AASHTO and MOTCD standards. (See Figure 15) • Adjust utility covers to grade, install bicycle safe drainage grates, and 611 potholes to provide a smooth surface. • Curb lane widths generally meet or exceed a width of 14 feet. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 15 11 Trailheads Design Objectives • Provide transition between motorized and non - motorized transportation and recreational systems. • Create a unique entry to the consolidated trail system through hardscape and landscape aesthetics that support themes established within the Allen Streetscape Imagery Study. • Encourage utilization of trail and bicycle routes as alternative transportation paths within city. • Provide access to a variety of nodes, streets, and trails. Figure 15. Route Signage • Utilize existing facilities such as schools, civic facilities (library, city hall, future DART stops), and parks as trailheads. Establish a hierarchy of [railheads ranging from major, primary, and secondary. 2. Design Standards • All schools, parks, and civic facilities are potential trailheads, as well as those areas indicating major, secondary and minor trail markers. Trailheads are divided into three types: Major, Primary and Secondary. Major Trailheads • Trailheads shall provide a minimum 12 parking spaces and 2 handicap spaces. One parking space must be van accessible. Sidewalks shall connect handicap spaces to the trails and parking spaces shall be signed for trailhead usage. • Bike racks approved by the City shall be provided at a ratio of one bike space for every parking space. No less than five bike spaces shall be provided in a rack at any major trailhead. One drinking fountain approved by the city shall be provided within 30'-0" of benches and bike racks. Drinking fountains shall be Haws Models 3300FR or 3380FR, or approved equal. Drinking fountains must be plumbed to drain to to the nearest storm sewer or to a below -ground sump approved by the City. • One bench approved by the city for every three parking spaces shall be provided, with minimum one bench provided. • Parking lots and trail intersections shall be lighted to a minimum of Ya footcandle with metal halide fixture and no spillover to adjacent property. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 16 • Trails which terminate at major trailheads shall receive landscape traffic control measures as indicated in the at -grade crossing section of these guidelines. ' • Trailheads shall provide one canopy tree per two parking spaces provide with minimum three trees provided. • Major trailheads shall be identified by major trail markets Primary Trailheads • Trailheads shall provide a minimum 5 spaces and 1 handicap spaces, one space must be van accessible. Sidewalks must connect handicap spaces to trail. Parking spaces shall be signed for trailhead usage. • Bike racks approved by the city must be provided at a ratio of one bike space for every one parking space, with not less than five bike spaces at any primary tmilhead. • One drinking fountain approved by the city shall be provided within 30'-0" of benches and bike racks. Drinking fountains shall be Haws Models 3300FR or 3380FIR, or approved equal. Drinking fountains must be plumbed to drain to to the nearest storm sewer or to a below -ground sump approved by the City. • One bench approved by the city for every three parking spaces shall be required with a minimum of one bench. ' • Puking lots and trail intersections shall be lighted to a minimum of 'h footcandle with metal halide fixture and no spillover to adjacent property. • Trails which terminate at major trailheads shall include landscape traffic control measures. • Trailheads require one canopy tree per two parking spaces provide with minimum three trees provided. • Primary trailheads shall be identified by major or secondary trail markers. Figure 15. Primary Trailhead Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 17 E E Secondary Trailheads • Parking is not required at secondary trailheads. • One bike rack (4 holding capacity) shall be provided at any secondary trailhead. • No drinking fountains need to be provided. • One bench approved by the city shall be provided. • Parking lots and trail intersections shall be lighted to a minimum of % footcandle with metal halide fixture and no spillover to adjacent property. • Trails which terminate at major [railheads shall include landscape traffic control measures. • Secondary [railheads shall have not less than three canopy trees and be identified by secondary trail markers. SECONDARY TRAILHEAD LANDSCAPE 15 AND REMOVABLE BOLLARD. LANDSCAPE MATERIAL SHALL CON515T OF 5HRLB5 AND GROOCCOVER THAT WILL ALLOW EMER ENCY VEHICLE5 0 TO DRIVE OVER THEM. BIKE RACK , Figure 16. Secondary Trail head C Related Improvements a. Lighting 1. Design Objectives a. Lighting for trails is important and should be considered where riding at night is expected. Fixed -source lighting reduces conflicts along paths and at intersections. In addition, lighting allows the cyclist to see the trail alignment, surface conditions, and obstacles. All trail intersections and the intersection of trails with public streets should be illuminated in such a way that cyclists and motorists have ample opportunity to we and react to the intersection. Lighting shall be provided throughout entire lengths of underpasses or tunnels. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 18 Lighting should also be provided wherever there is signage, particularly warning signs. 2. Design Standards a. Lighting standards along public streets should meet or exceed those established by code. Parking lots and trail intersections shall be lighted to a minimum of 'h footcandle with metal halide fixture and no spillover to adjacent property, but parking areas should be sufficiently illuminated to meet security concems. Approaches to intersections and trail underpasses shall be lit to provide one-half to one continuous, unbroken footcandle of illumination on the trail or path surface. b. Retaining Walls Design Objectives • Retaining walls should be functionally efficient at the scale of the trail user and should: o Incorporate interest, texture, and detail in the design where feasible. o Be terraced if over 4 feet in height. Terraced walls may provide seating, viewing, and a separation of the path from adjacent development, etc. Walls that provide seating should be separated ' from the mainstream flow of traffic. Seating areas should be situated at points of visual interest. 2. Design Standards • Figure 17 shows typical construction. Seal of a Texas registered professional engineer required. WALL DESIGN DIMENSIONS Wall height H B D W 0' TO 4' 16" MIN 12" MIN IT'MIN 4' TO 6' 24" MIN 18" MIN 14" MIN 6' TO 8' 42" MIN 24" MIN 14" MIN 8'-10' 45" MIN 30" MIN 14" MIN Ordinance No. 2013-12-01. Page 19 I J. At -grade crossings 1. Design Objectives • Create aesthetically pleasing intersections that also provide protection for the nail user when crossing the street. • Coordinate at -grade crossings with Allen Thoroughfare Image Study to develop a cohesive intersection design. • Use landscaping to deter the access of motorized vehicles to the trail. The use of bollards is required where there are space constraints. (See figure 17) 2. Design Standards • Comply with AASHTO standards regarding at -grade intersections. • Refer to Allen Thoroughfare Image Street Study to coordinate key intersection crossings. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 20 ,URE "gTOjL~ I�-L'OL LR M4�_ EFLE4i LPi rc e i0 i vN-TO 1 40.wvE., vK✓E, INLIC1Figure tw 17. Retaining WallsMe�r in MIW.ES'.MpRR C<rvrV 5;r 11111 J. At -grade crossings 1. Design Objectives • Create aesthetically pleasing intersections that also provide protection for the nail user when crossing the street. • Coordinate at -grade crossings with Allen Thoroughfare Image Study to develop a cohesive intersection design. • Use landscaping to deter the access of motorized vehicles to the trail. The use of bollards is required where there are space constraints. (See figure 17) 2. Design Standards • Comply with AASHTO standards regarding at -grade intersections. • Refer to Allen Thoroughfare Image Street Study to coordinate key intersection crossings. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 20 L� 1 SECTION 3. Appendix A of the Allen Land Development Code is hereby amended to add the following definitions: ' 11 • AASHTO- American Association Of State Highway and Transportation Officials Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 21 • ADA- Americans with Disabilities Act • Bicycle: A vehicle having two tandem wheels, either of which is more than 16 in diameter or having three wheels in contact with the ground any of which is more that 16" propelled solely by human power, upon which any persons or person may ride. • Bicycle Path: A bikeway physically separated from motorized vehicular traffic by an open space or barrier and either within the highway right of way or within an independent right of way. • Bicycle Route: A segment of a system of bikeways designated with appropriate directional and informational markers with or without specific bicycle route number. • Bikeway: Any road, path, or way, which in some manner is specifically designated and which may legally be used by bicycles regardless of whether such facilities are designated for the exclusive use of bicycles or are to be shared with other transportation modes. • MUTCD — Texas Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. • NCTCOG — North Central Texas Council of Governments. • Greenway: A greenway is a linear, landscape corridor of significant length accommodating multiple uses. • Roadway: The portion of the highway, including shoulders for vehicular use. • Shared Roadway: Any roadway upon which a bicycle lane is not designated and which may legally ' be used by bicycles regardless of whether such facility is specifically designated as a bikeway. • Shoulder Bikeway/Walkway: Shared roadway designed for bicycle and pedestrian usage. • TXDOT- Texas Department of Transportation • Wide Outside Lane: Wider outside vehicle lanes (greater than 12") are created to accommodate parallel travel of vehicles and bicycles on the outside edge of the lane. In the absence of bicyclists, vehicles may use the extra width." SECTION 4. All ordinances of the City of Allen in conflict with the provisions of this ordinance shall be, and the same are hereby, repealed; provided, however, that all other provisions of said ordinances not in conflict herewith shall remain in full force and effect. SECTION & An offense committed before the effective date of this ordinance is governed by prior law and the provisions of the Ordinances of the City, as amended, in effect when the offense was committed and the former law is continued in effect for this purpose. SECTION 6. Should any word, sentence, paragraph, subdivision, clause, phrase or section of this ordinance, or of the Allen Land Development Code, be adjudged or held to be void or unconstitutional, the same shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of said ordinance or the Allen Land Development Code, as amended hereby, which shall remain in full force and effect. SECTION 7. That any person, firm or corporation violating any of the provisions or terms of this ordinance shall upon conviction shall be punished by a fine not to exceed the sum of Two Thousand Dollars ($2,000) for each offense. Ordinance No. 2013-12-01. Page 22 ' SECTION S. That this ordinance shall take effect immediately from and after its passage and publication in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the City of Allen, and it is accordingly so ordained. DULY PASSED AND APPROVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ALLEN, COLLIN COUNTY, TEXAS, ON THIS THE 20m DAY OF DECEMBER, 2001. APPROVED: Stephen Terrell, MAYOR APPROVED AS TO FORM: ATTEST: Peter G. Smith, CITY ATTORNEY J y Mor son, CMC/AAE, CITY SECRETARY Ordinance No. 2013-12-01, Page 23 a 0 ca y i, 0 G ce s, F� v '� ee i � � �^^ � FSI � L CQ =r '� 0 :: .. '� h tE C � 0 U v ii Q � y c v E ., R a A Y L R a G Y Q 4. 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General Trail Design Considerations 11. Design Standards A. Hard Surface Trails 1. Design Goals 2. Design Standards a. Prepared Sub -grade b. Pavement Structure c. Width & Clearance d. Design Speed e. Unpaved Paths f. Horizontal Alignment & Superelevation g. Grade h. Sight Distance i. Drainage B. Soft Surface Trails 1. Design Goals 2. Design Standards a. Prepared Subgrade b. Trail Surface c. Width & Clearance d. Grade, Sight Distance, Drainage C. Pedestrian Bridges And Low Water Crossings 1. Design Goals 2. Design Standards E. Culvert Outfall Structures 1. Design Goals 2. Design Standards F. Underpass Structures (Box Culverts) 1. Design Goals 2. Design Standards G. Bike Path Safety Railing 1. Design Goals 2. Design Standards H. Signed Shared Roadways (Bike Routes) I. Design Goals 2. Design Standards I 4-6 4 5 6 6-25 6-14 6-7 7-8 7 8 8-9 9 10 10-11 11-13 13-14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15-17 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 Table of Contents I. Trailheads 22 1. Design Goals 22 2. Design Standards 22-23 J. At -Grade Crossings 25 1. Design Goals 25 2. Design Standards 25 III. Related Improvements 25 A. Lighting 25 1. Design Goals 25 2. Design Standards 25 B. Retaining Walls 26 1. Design Goals 26 2. Design Standards 26 IV. Abbreviations&Definitions 27-28 V Appendices 29-41 FIGURE la. Trail Intersection (p.7) FIGURE 1b. Trail Intersection (p.7) FIGURE 2. Hard Surface Concrete Trail (p.8) FIGURE 3 Minimum Width and Clearance (p.9) TABLE 1 Minimum Radius (p.10) FIGURE Trail Widening (p.1 l) FIGURE 5 Minimum Stopping Distance (p.12) FIGURE 6 Vertical Crave Length (p.12) FIGURE 7 Minimum Lateral Clearance (p.13) FIGURE 8 Flood Resistant Path Section (p.13) FIGURE 9 Typical Gravel Fines (p.14) FIGURE 10 Bridge Plan and Elevation (p.16) FIGURE 11 Low Water Crossing (p.17) FIGURE 12 Culvert Pipe Modification (p.18) FIGURE 13 Culvert Underpass (p.19) FIGURE 14a Safety Railing (p.20) FIGURE 14b Safety Railing (p.20) FIGURE 15 Route Signage (p.21) FIGURE 16 Primary Trail Marker (p.22) FIGURE 17 Secondary Trail Marker (P. 22) FIGURE 18 At -Grade Crossings (p.24) FIGURE 19 Retaining Walls (p.26) 1. Introduction. A. Overview. The design standards presented in this manual are intended to promote consistently and uniformly well-designed trail projects as they are undertaken in Allen, Texas. While stressing functional continuity, the trail standards are intended to also direct and inspire good and creative trail design. These standards suggest minimum criteria for performance and construction that are intended to minimize maintenance issues as well as provide a consistency in aesthetics. The City of Allen will administer these standards and other applicable codes as a basis for the design of trail projects. All proposed trail projects within the City of Allen are to be submitted to city staff for review and approval as required in the Allen Land Development Code. A Trail Design Review Checklist is provided to be used in reviewing trail projects. This Manual is intended to be used in conjunction with the Consolidated Alternative Transportation and Recreational Trail Plan, hereafter referred to as the Consolidated Trail Plan. The Plan is intended to be used as a general road map for trail development and provides an approximate location for all proposed trail projects throughout the City. The platting process, followed by additional design studies and the preparation of construction documents, will further refine these projects in order to achieve a balance between preserving site qualities and following appropriate trail design criteria. The basic criteria for all elements of trail design include: • appropriateness and intent of design in respect to the Consolidated Alternative Transportation And Recreational Trail Plan. • "fit" of the trail to it's site and environment • function • aesthetic sensitivity • design consistency and continuity • trail durability and strength • ease of maintenance • trail and amenity resistance to vandalism • handicap access (wherever possible) B. Trail Design Review Checklist The following criteria will be used when reviewing trail projects and should be reflected on construction plans submitted for city review. Does the trail alignment and location fit into the overall Plan? _ If a trail is to be built, does the trail design have the proper width, curvature, grades, and sight distance as called for by these guidelines? If a trail is to be built, does it conform to the standards in the Allen Trail Design Guidelines? Is the trail designed to be handicap-accessible? (ADA Design Guidelines) _ If a soft-surface trail is to be built, does it conform to the standards of the Allen Trail Design Guidelines? _ Is the contractor familiar with trail construction guidelines, including tree preservation, drainage, slope parameters, fencing, clearing, etc.? _ Who is to build the trail? Who will oversee the construction? Is their adequate funding or financial security for the trail? Is it to be constructed before homes or other development are built? Does the trail connect to other trails, streets, creek crossings, parks, and other land features at logical locations and access points? Are adequate trail signs and markers provided? If wetlands or environmentally-sensitive areas are present, does the trail avoid these areas as much as possible? If these areas cannot be avoided, has impact mitigation been included? _ If road bridges or major culverts are to be built, is there a minimum of g-foot overhead and 14-foot horizontal clearance underneath for present and future trails? _ If lighting is to be installed adjacent to a trail, does it comply with the lighting standards within these guidelines? If trail signs are to be installed, do they comply with the standards within these guidelines? Have all utilities been located and have all utility conflicts been resolved? Have trails been staked, reviewed, and approved by the Parks and Recreation Department? If trees are to be removed, has the City of Allen issued a tree removal permit? C. General Trail Design Considerations The primary objectives of trail location is to 1) design a trail that produces a minimum impact on the land and on nearby landowners, 2) to choose an alignment that is visually pleasing and provides a variety of views and experiences, 3) to take advantage of the natural terrain and vegetation, 4) to include proper safety considerations, and 5) to provide a trail that requires minimum maintenance. The Plan is intended to accommodate both pedestrians and cyclists. Due to the velocity that cyclists travel in relation to pedestrians, their design standards typically are more strict. It is the intent of these guidelines to provide minim= design standards that respond to safety issues posed by cyclists, which would in turn meet or exceed design standards for pedestrians. • Commercial, employment, educational, park and other community facilities should be linked to the Plan. This will expand the role of the Plan while integrating it with the City of Allen commun ty. • Environmentally sensitive areas require a careful balance between the need for recreation and protection of natural resources. Determine the appropriate use level and situate trail and path systems carefully. • Considerations for fighting along and adjacent to the path should be evaluated. Care should be taken not to light environmentally sensitive areas that might disturb wildlife. All fixtures should respond to the lighting standards established in these guidelines. • Consider signs along trails to provide traffic control, regulatory information, identity, and interpretive information. Signs should conform to standards established in these guidelines. • Place interpretive or informational signs along unpaved trails and quiet areas to minimize safety conflicts on paved paths. • Respect existing landforms in site planning by minimizing trail impacts upon them. Trail alignments should be oriented with the existing topography to the fullest extent possible to minimize grading efforts associated with trail construction. • In addition to minimizing grading impacts, the trail should gently flow from one ecosystem to the next, providing a sense of transition from one area to the next. This is best illustrated by a trail that meanders from a densely wooded area into an open field and then along a stream bank. This trail alignment provides the users an opportunity to experience the different ecosystems present within the city. • Whenever possible, a loop system shall be established. Such systems allow for a continually unique viewing and use experience. • In addition to capitalizing on amenities within existing parks, provisions should be made for seating areas at unique land and water features, scenic vistas, and gathering places along the trail system. II. Design Standards A. (lard Surface Trails 1. Design Goals The alignment should follow the contours of the land and the natural drainage patters. The trail should not appear to be carved out of the hillside. Trails should be gently curvilinear and may include a combination of radii and straight segments. Serpentine or sinuous trail alignments are not acceptable. Meanders in trails should appear to have a purpose, and should not be haphazard or regular. Create functional and efficient circulation patterns that present and preserve the natural terrain and vegetation to the greatest extent possible. Site path intersections at natural focal points such as scenic vistas and convenient access points. Try to design perpendicular intersections , with a minimum of 10'-0" radius. Larger tum radii are acceptable at the discretion of the city when trails intersect at planting beds, signage, or other focal points. Where conditions allow, trails shall align with existing or future crosswalks at streets. These intersections shall incorporate handicap accessible ramps that meet those depicted in the City of Allen Standard Construction Details. 2. Design Standards a. Prepared Sub -grade —0ver-excavate the subgrade if unstable sub -soils are encountered and replace with city -approved fill material. Compact all fill areas to 95% standard proctor @ -2% to +4% optimum. Remove all topsoil prior to subgrade preparation and use in finish grading work along trail edges after concrete has cured. b. Pavement Structure — The standard pavement is reinforced Portland cement concrete (concrete mix: 5 -sack, 3,000 psi minimum, 3-5 inch slump, 10% fly ash content maximum) with a transverse light broom finish. One inch (14 mm) redwood expansion joints shall be placed in the trail at an interval of 20 feet in 10' wide trails and 24' feet in 8 -foot wide trails. FIGURE la T -TRAIL INTERSECTION FIGURE IA FOUR WAY TRAIL Expansion joints shall be topped and sealed with a self -leveling elastomeric joint scaler. Contraction joints shall be placed at intervals equal to the trail width and shall be of a depth of one-fourth the pavement thickness. The joints shall be saw -cut one-fourth inch (3.175 mm) wide. For optimum user comfort, the finished surface of trails should not vary more than .02 feet (.06 cm) from the lower edge of an 8 -foot (2.4 m) long straight edge when laid on the surface in any direction. The trail concrete thickness shall be 5 inches minimum. The reinforcement shall be #3 (minimum) deformed steel bar at a maximum of 16 inches o.c. both ways, on chairs (welded wire mesh is not acceptable). c. Width & Clearance — Paths on which a mix of bicycle, pedestrian, non -motorized transportation, and large maintenance vehicles are required to navigate steep grades should be 12 feet (3.7 m) wide. Otherwise, a 10 -foot (3 m) width is adequate. The minimum width of a one -directional bicycle path is 10 feet for maintenance access and passing room for cyclists. One-way bicycle paths often will be used as two-way facilities unless effective measures are taken to assure one-way operation. BROOM FINISH PERPE1IDIOlLAR TO TRAIL. S' MIN. OLE 5 Lvm 3$ W! w SLEEVINS ON '— ONE END /; F",?�.'• O 5AWPIr 1/4' x 1-1/4' Dff OONTROL. Iw No 2% MAX - YiH� - igV�ry n;Ji�C'%56'9 %I' i?>ii>ii>ii/rim NAaH�i�Ha/r�H°., FIGURE 2 - HARD SURFACE CONCRETE TRAIL The optimum vertical clearance of obstructions over a trail is 10 feet (3 m) or higher, which accommodates maintenance, patrol, and emergency vehicle access. All underpasses and tunnels should be a minimum of 10 feet in height. The standard minimum vertical clearance is 8 feet (2.4 m). An optimal 3 -foot minimum (0.9 m) wide graded area should be maintained adjacent to both sides of the trail surface. Two feet (0.6 m) is the minimum width for the adjacent graded area; although a 3 -foot (1.2 m) width clearance should be provided from trees, poles, walls, fences, guardrails, etc. or their lateral obstructions whenever possible. In instances where trees or other obstacles may encroach within this space, warning signage should be provided. A 5 -foot (1.8 m) lateral separation is desirable from any embankment that the cyclist would have difficulty encountering. If this is not possible, a positive barrier such as dense shrubbery, safety railing, walls, or fencing shall be provided. All barrier material shall conform to Citv of Allen standards. a" ' NIJTH Pn¢i5 =C RT ' pw.n¢DIN7 TRee FCSER, T01 iM l!VIJINb HIDTH FIGURE 3 - MINIMUM 97DTHAND CLEARANCE d. Design Speed —Trails intended for bicycle usage should be designed for a selected speed that is at least as high as the preferred speed of the fastest anticipated cyclist. In general, a minimum design speed of 20 mph (32 km/h) should be used when trail grades do not exceed 5%. It is the intent of the Plan to design accessible routes linking all destinations and nodes within the city. It is at the discretion of the city to allow for the creation of alternate routes to destinations that may exceed those standards established by ADA. In those instances where strong prevailing tail winds exist or trail grades may exceed 5%, a design speed of 30 mph (48 km/h) is advisable. Speed bumps or similar surface obstructions intended to slow down cyclists should never be used. e. Unpaved paths are not to be used by cyclists due to smaller widths and a bicycle's tendency to damage unpaved surfaces. E Horizontal Alignment & Superelevation —The minimum radius of curvature negotiable by a bicycle is a function of the superelevation rate of the bicycle path surface and the speed of the bicycle. The minimum design radius of curvature can be derived from the following formula: R=V2 15(e+f) Where: R = Minimum radius of curvature (ft) V = Design speed e = Rate of superelevation f = Coefficient of friction TABLE 1: Minimum Radii for Paved Bicycle Paths Design Speed Friction Factor -f Minimum Radius V (mph): R (feet) (1 MPH =1.6 km/hr) (I ft. = 0.3 m) 20 0.27 95 25 0.25 155 30 0.22 250 35 0.19 390 40 0.17 565 Trails shall not exceed 2% cross -slope by ADA standards in order to ensure accessibility for a0 users. Once again, this is to ensure that the Consolidated Alternative Transportation and Recreational Trail Plan is accessible for all users. As discussed in the design speed chapter, though, the city has the discretion to allow for the construction of alternate routes that may exceed those standards established within ADA. In those instances, the superelevation should not exceed 5% beyond which maneuvering difficulties by slow cyclists and pedestrians can be expected. The coefficient of friction depends upon speed, surface type, roughness, type and condition of tire, and whether the surface is wet or dry. Friction factors used for design should be selected based upon the point at which centrifugal force causes the bicyclist to recognize a feeling of discomfort and instinctively act to avoid higher speed. Extrapolating values used in highway design, design friction factors for paved bicycle paths are assumed to vary from 0.30 at 15 mph (24 km/h) to 0.22 at 30 mph (48 km/h). Although there is no data available for unpaved surfaces, it is recommended that friction factors be reduced by 50% to allow a sufficient margin of safety. Reduce friction factors by 50% in areas likely to be wet, shaded, or exposed to minimal sun in winter, etc. When curves of lesser radii than those recommended must be used on bicycle paths because of limited right-of-way, topographical, or other considerations, standard curve warning signs and supplemental pavement markings should be installed in accordance with the MUTCD. It 10 R . R DIUS OF CURVATURE (FR TABLE I) W WIDTH CG BIKEWAY Q CENTRAL ANGLE CE THE CARVE GR DEFLECTION BETWEEN SEGMENTS MN IMM WIDENING SHALL BE LIMITED TO 4 FEET WHEN WIDENING REACHES 4 FEET(c> SSA ) THAT WIDTH SHALL BE CARRIED ON A RADIUS 6 R•4 THROIiH THE CENTAL F TION W THE CURVE (n. %5 I AS SHOWN_ FIGURE 4 - TRAIL WIDENING is advisable to widen the path in order to increase the lateral space available to cyclists as they lean to the inside of the turn (see Figure 4). The amount of widening should he limited to a maximum of 4 feet (1.2 m). g. Grade — To the extent possible, grades on trails shall not exceed 5%. A grade greater than 5% is undesirable because the ascents are difficult for many bicyclists to climb and the descents cause some bicyclists to exceed the speeds at which they are competent. Furthermore, gradients exceeding 5% do not comply with the Americans With Disabilities Act criteria for maximum slopes along an accessible route. Alternate routes with grades over 5% and less than 500 feet (152.5 m) are acceptable only when a higher design speed or additional width is provided. In cases where the minimum grade must be exceeded, an alternate trail route must be constructed providing ADA accessibility. The absolute maximum gradient for a trail intended for bike usage is 8%. Sustained grades are ideally limited to 2% for multipurpose trails. Grades steeper than 3% may not be practical for trails with crushed stone surfaces. Grades of maximum 5% are acceptable for bridges with 10 ft (3 m) shoulders or paths where a leveling off at the base of the incline is provided which permits adequate recovery before an intersection or other conflict point. h. Sight Distance - Figure 5 indicates the minimum stopping sight distance for various design speeds and grades based on a total perception and brake reaction time of 2.5 seconds and a coefficient of friction of 0.25 to account for the poor wet weather braking characteristics of many bicycles. For two-way shared use paths, the sight distance in the descending direction, that is, where "G" is negative, will control the design. Use Figure 6 to select the minimum length of vertical curve necessary to provide minimum stopping sight distance at various speeds on crest vertical curves. The eye height of the bicyclist is assumed to be 4.5 feet (1.4 m) and the object height is assumed to be zero as impediments to bicycle travel usually exist at pavement level. 11 Figure 7 indicates the minimum clearance that should be used to line of sight obstructions for horizontal curves. The lateral clearance is obtained by entering Figure 7 with the stopping sight distance for Figure 5 and the proposed horizontal radius of curvature. Cyclists frequently ride abreast of each other on trails. On narrow trails cyclists have a tendency to ride near the middle of the path. For these reasons, and because of the serious consequences of a head-on bicycle crash, lateral clearances on horizontal e ro 3% 400 Wnlm Stool, o1stIX e - Ft. f= RMfw 5 = 1�Ypi 90t ONtm Fr, 0.cW 19 vWfltY. ilk Y6CYtl I�G1 t = CpffMJpt pt F,111b , 0X1 0 • F. F 11F 1. vIM/fln� FIGURE S - MINIMUM STOPPING DISTANCE al Is Is 5 1 l Io r - — 1 1 l \ \ t s, 0 a 50' W 150 200 250 300 3% 400 Wnlm Stool, o1stIX e - Ft. f= RMfw 5 = 1�Ypi 90t ONtm Fr, 0.cW 19 vWfltY. ilk Y6CYtl I�G1 t = CpffMJpt pt F,111b , 0X1 0 • F. F 11F 1. vIM/fln� FIGURE S - MINIMUM STOPPING DISTANCE 0 O 5 0 5 0 WM-}c Olflsery h GaO, IY FIGURE 6 - VERTICAL CURVE LENGTH 12 Y • aa� TJ Y"'" m 25 i r - — Or s, 25 ........ u. ..lir. .:�`. :...........vi::::l.:u . m ., tin:i:-.n.•.' :uvooumnur....u:u.r n.'....r....��' ��` Brunn:oii: .��. s' aa...... ...1..........r.::�,....•:.......r..c....•.i ...•...........L.....r.n...ss.. > .... ..•.. .............'...........•............................ . uii:::::oi:i:a:�::u:obi•'�'°� '�'''"4"'°'•""I'• : .uuru.uu..r •'.•. :• r rut' nonan.. '!'o.u:.� V..a.:..'In.n»uo•u.vu. S: or.o....•.•a•.uao r...u.a. :-: .. , ::::•:ll:�•!'nrvu•.itaf.¢r.:IlGthnuav'rv:o:..��s.. w! vl� 71�.I \'.�vFJ✓�Jr�h\ t �r 1. —.11.=11 11 11=11—II 11=11PII II. I = ail � on the uphill side to intercept the hillside drainage. Where necessary, catch basins with cross culverts (pipe structures built underneath the trail) shall be provided to convey the intercepted water under the path. The length of cross culverts should be extended to include the clear zone as well as the path width, and should be backfilled to provide an uninterrupted clear zone. Drainage grates and manhole covers should be located outside of the travel path of bicyclists. To assist in draining the area adjacent to the trail, the design should include considerations for preserving the natural ground cover. Seeding, mulching, and sodding of adjacent slopes, swales, and other erosion -prone areas shall accompany trail construction and shall be implemented by the trail builder. Where the trail will pass underneath highway bridges, existing deck drain discharges should be routed so that deck runoff will not discharge upon or How across the bike path. Deck drainage can create ice and algae on the pavement as well as erode the pavement surface. B. Soft Surface Trails 1. Design Goals • Materials should provide a stable surface and remain relatively dry • Color should be earthtone to blend with the natural environment and to minimize visual impact • Design for wheelchair accessibility wherever practical, with trail widths no less than 36 inches. In cases where a 36 -inch wide trail is designed, ensure that the adequate wheelchair passing areas are provided per ADA standards. • Minimize erosion of surface material at side drainage locations to limit washing, i.e., provide concrete pans or other erosion mitigating devices as approved by the city of Allen Parks and Recreation Department. 2. Design Standards a. Prepared Sub -grade — Compact on-site material where approved by engineer Over - excavate if unstable sub -soils are encountered and replace with city -approved fill material. Compact all fill areas to 95% standard proctor @ -2% to +4% optimum. Remove all topsoil prior to subgrade preparation. The use of a geotextile fabric under the aggregate fines when installed in wet or unstable areas is recommended. FIGURE 9 - TYPICAL GRAVEL FINES 14 b. Trail Surface – 3/8 inch dia. crushed and compacted aggregate fines with adequate binder, minimum 6 inch depth. c. Width & Clearance – Standard width for two-way trails is 8 feet with a minimum width of 36 inches. d. Grade, Sight Distance, Drainage – Refer to Goals and Standards for Hard Surface Trails. C. Pedestrian Bridges And Low Water Crossings 1. Design Goals • Trail crossings over creeks and drainage ways shall be accomplished with bridges unless other means of crossing such land features are approved by the Parks and Recreation Department. Prefabricated bridges are acceptable pending approval by the city. Bridges shall be of arched - truss design wherever such type can be used and be in compliance with ADA longitudinal slope criteria. A minimum width of clear deck is 10 feet. All bridge foundation and abutment designs shall be sealed by a Texas Professional Engineer. • Design bridges that are sturdy, safe, vandal -resistant, and easily maintained: — Deck with good skid resistance — Stabilize deck to minimize vibrations — Railing should be free of splinters and provide a smooth, clean surface to the touch — Railing design should allow views to creeks for persons of all heights, yet prevent anyone from falling through — Scale of bridge should be in keeping with its surroundings • Bridge color should blend with the natural environment or tie into the color scheme of adjacent development • Integrate design with other elements throughout the corridor • Bridge placement should be carefully selected and approved by the City of Allen Park and Recreation Department. • Low water crossings may be used at small stream crossings at the discretion of the Parks and Recreation Department. (See Figure 11) 2. Design Standards a. Refer to figure 10 for typical bridge design and figure 11 for low water crossings. All bridges and low water crossings to be sealed by a licensed Texas Professional Engineer. Low water crossings shall not exceed 3'-0" from path to tlowline of the waterway or ravine to provide a sense of closeness to the water. 15 FIGURE IO - BRIDGE PLANAND ELEVATION 16 IO' CONCRETE - '- SEG �.N VtLR - ABUTMENT WALL _ WE CONCRETE 6 STEEL REINFORCEMENT TO BE DETERMINED BY LICENSED ENGINEER CONTINUOU5 CONCRETE FOOTING FIGURE]] -LOW WATER CROSSING 17 E. Culvert Outfall Structures 1. Design Goals • Due to the construction of culvert pipe structures prior to the adoption of the consolidated trail plan, many of these structures need modifications to adhere to trail safety and aesthetic issues. All culvert outfalls shall occur on the downhill side of trails. 2. Design Standards a. Refer to Figure 12 for culvert and pipe modifications along trails. A licensed Texas Professional Engineer must design and size all outfall pipes. .'A MA OLMT OMn MOOFC " x¢ /1 n7k O Aa OAMT YCTM xiS FIGURE 12 - CULVERT PIPE MODIFICATION 18 d 8 •Px [ ��E ✓ime u MWIO PTE WRfl M04vlI[L 0.1N1 � ! YY R]S 1!<CWGLL va•eP Lurf - , 01� ��'F Errowwi wlwL cwwEL '` IYPIUL rFIMfH aC110N NTS F. Underpass Structures 1. Design Goals • Underpasses are key elements within the Plan. These elements provide safety and continuity by eliminating the need for users to interact and/or cross busy streets. 2. Design Standards a. Underpasses shall be constructed according to minimum vertical and horizontal clearances. All modified underpasses should meet these requirements. In situations where the Underpass is straight (allowing clear visibility), two-way traffic can be accommodated. If the Underpass curves (preventing visual access throughout), then two separate underpass structures shall be provided accommodating one way traffic in each structure (See Figure 13). Underpasses Under existing bridges shall conform to details on Figure 13. NEIN VANDAL RE515TENT LI E%FANSION E IN 51NATION5 WHERE THE TRAIL AFPROAC. TO OULVERT UNDERPASS IS DIRECT CONWIT AND T4 CULVERT ITSELF 5TRA16HT FOR "EAR VISIBILITY, THE USE OF A 51NSLE CULVERT GAN FUNCTION FOR TVtl-WAY TRAFFIC APPROFRIATE 516NA6E SHOULD aE FLAGE FRIOR TO ENTERING THE wLVERT ZONE r.\ SINGLE UNDERPASS Nsz IN SIIVATIONS WHERE THE TNAIL AFFROPL VE , TH ERT UNVERPAS5 15TSE CURVED THE CULVERT IN15 J5 15 VISA T (PREVENTING USERS VIEW TO DAYLIGHT, OR WIDTH OF THE CUL VENT IS LESS THAN1 THE U5E OF 3 FT H CULVEVE RTS ARE NEEDED EACH CULVERT T FUNCTION A5 ONE YIAY FOR FOR USER LANE DIVIDES AND 516NA6E CH _VE I -P SEE DISIS PLAYED PROft TO WLVE3T ZONE / --\DOUBLE UNDERPASS NTS. B UNDERPASS UGHDNG Nii EASY 6RAFITTI REMOVAL 14' MINIMIM WIDTH @NEW CULVERr UNDERPASS NTS FIGURE 13 - CULVERT UNDERPASSES 19 G. Bike Path Safety Railing 1. Design Goals • Railings are required in situations where bicyclists or pedestrians may fall down an embankment or other vertical displacement. Railings, fences, or barriers on either side of a trail structure should extend 42 inches higher than the trail surface and should have smooth rub rails attached at handlebar height (3.5 feet), which are made of smooth metal or similar material. It is required that railing ends be angled downwards and flared away from the trail at either end of the railing to prevent cyclists and pedestrians from catching on the miling. 2. Design Standards a. Refer to figure 14a and 146 for typical construction. FIGURE 14a -SAFETY RAILING ..AR - FIGURE 14b - SAFETY RAILING 4:2^ SAFETY RAIL SLOPE IS EQUAL TO OR STEEPER THAN 3,1 / f LESS THAN 5' 20 H. Signed Shared Roadways (Bike Routes) 1. Design Goals • Provide through and direct travel in bicycle demand corridors • Connect discontinuous segments of shared used paths, bike lanes, and/or routes. • Provide a common route for bicyclist through a high demand corridor. • Provide extensions along local neighborhood streets and collectors that lead to commercial, employment, educational, park, and other community facilities. 2. Design Standards a. Bike route signs may be used on streets with bike lanes, as well as on shared used paths. b. Route signs should include destination information. c. Minor trail signs, as shown on the Plan, shall be located at all intersections where the bike route changes direction. d. Additional route signs should be located per AASHTO standards. (See Figure 15) e. Adjust utility covers to grade, install bicycle safe drainage grates, and fill potholes to provide smooth surface. E Curb lane widths generally meet or exceed a width of 14 feet. FIGURE 15 - ROUTE SIGNAGE 21 BILYLLE IbVR 916N 9 IEp11BIT ] IO. BILYLLE A,0 PECESTRIMI FALILTES PLPMYIIp MA OES16N dJILEL11E5. NOR}X CENIRµ lE%/.5 C0.NCIL 6 bJVE2WENT51 Trailheads 1. Design Goals • Establish an interaction between vehicular transportation and the consolidated trail plan. • Create a unique entry to the consolidated trail plan through hardscape and landscape aesthetics that support themes established within the Allen Streetscape Imagery Study. • Encourage utilization of trailheads and the Consolidated Trail Plan as alternative transportation within city. • Provide access to a variety of nodes, streets, and trails. • Utilize existing facilities such as schools, civic facilities (library, city hall, future DART stops), and parks as trailheads. Construction costs may be reduced through renovations to existing facilities as proposed destinations within the Consolidated Trail Plan. • Establish a hierarchy of trailheads including major, primary, and secondary. 2. Design Standards a. All schools, parks, and civic facilities not indicated on the implementation plans of the Consolidated Trail Plan are potential trail head location sites, as well as those areas indicating major, secondary and minor trail markers. Trail head physical locations shall be located at the city's discretion. Tmilheads are divided into three types: which we Major, Primary and Secondary. b. The city reserves the right to waive certain design requirements at its discretion. FIGURE 16 - PRIMARY TRAILHEAD MARKER REMOVABLE EOLLARp—\ A 15 A MATERI WNSISAL BHALL LOT OF SHRL65 bR9U1mCOVER THAT AI WILL ALLOW EFER VEMILLE9 o TO LRIVE OVER T THEM A BIKE "LK _._.- —1 FIGURE 17- SECONDARY TRAIL HEAD MARKER 22 c. Major Trailheads • Trailheads shall provide a minimum 12 parking spaces and 2 handicap parking spaces, one of which must be van accessible. Sidewalks must connect handicap spaces to trail. Parking spaces shall be signed for trailhead usage. • Bike racks must be provided at a ratio of one bike storage capability per every one puking space, with no less than five bike storage capability provided at any major trailhead. Bike racks most be approved by city. • One drinking fountain shall be provided within 30'-0" of benches and bike racks. Drinking fountains must be approved by city. • One bench for every three parking spaces shall be provided with a minimum one bench provided. Benches most be approved by city. • Parking lots and trail intersections shall he visibly lit with pole lights per city standards. • Trails which terminate at major [railheads shall receive landscape traffic control measures as indicated in the at -grade crossing section of these guidelines. • Trailheads shall provide one canopy tree per two parking spaces with a minimum of three trees provided. • Major trailheads shall receive major trail markers. d. Primary Trailheads • Trailheads shall provide a minimum 5 spaces and 1 handicap space, with one space being van accessible. Sidewalks must connect handicap spaces to trail. Parking spaces shall be signed for trailhead usage. • Bike racks most be provided at a ratio of one bike storage capability per every one parking space, no less than five bike storage capability provided at any primary trailhead. Bike racks most be approved by city. • One drinking fountain shall be provided within 30'-0" of benches and bike racks. Drinking fountains most be approved by city. • One bench for every three parking spaces shall be provided with a minimum one bench provided. Benches most be approved by city. • Parking lots and trail intersections shall be visibly ht with pole fights per city standards. • Trails which terminate at primary trailheads shall receive landscape traffic control measures as indicated in the at -grade crossing section of these guidelines. • Trailheads shall provide one canopy tree per two parking spaces with a minimum of three trees provided. • Primary [railheads shall receive major or secondary trail marker as indicated on the implementation plan of the Consolidated Trail Plan. Secondary Trailheads • Parking spaces are not required at secondary [railheads. • One bike rack (4 holding capacity) shall be provided at any secondary trailhead. • No drinking fountains are required. • One bench shall be provided. Benches must be approved by city. • Puking lots and trail intersections shall be visibly lit with pole lights per city standards. • Trails which terminate at secondary trailheads shall receive landscape traffic control measures as indicated in the at -grade crossing section of these guidelines. • Trailheads shall have three canopy trees. • Secondary trailheads shall receive secondary trail markers. 23 FIGURE 18 -AT-GRADE CROSSING 24 J. At -Grade Crossings 1. Design Goals • Create aesthetically pleasing intersections that also provide protection for the trail user when crossing the street. • Coordinate at -grade crossings with the Allen Thoroughfare Image Study to develop a cohesive intersection design. • Provide safe traffic control measures that prevent vehicular access on trails. Measures should be removable for maintenance and emergency vehicle access. • AASHTO recommends the use of either removable bollards, and/or landscape islands to prevent vehicular access. Both treatments are acceptable, however landscape islands that include removable bollards are recommended. Landscaping should blend with planting utilized within the Thoroughfare Image Study. Landscape plantings within islands should allow emergency vehicles passage, thereby no trees shall be permitted. Bollard only applica- tions may be utilized when intersections do not provide enough space for landscape island applications. (See Figure 18) 2. Design Standards a. Comply with AASHTO standards regarding at -grade intersections and traffic control devices (i.e.. bollards and landscaping). b. Refer to Allen Thoroughfare Image Study to coordinate key intersection crossings. The Thoroughfare Image Study addresses key intersections within the city. c. Crosswalks shall be delineated with striping or special paving. IH. Related Improvements A. Lighting 1. Design Goals Lighting for trails is important and should be considered where riding at night is expected. Fixed source lighting reduces conflicts along paths and at intersections. In addition, lighting allows the cyclist to see the trail alignment, surface conditions, and obstacles. All intersections should be illuminated far enough back from the intersection in order to allow the cyclists and motorists enough time to see the intersection and react appropriately. Lighting should be provided throughout entire lengths of underpasses or tunnels. Lighting should also be provided wherever there is signage, particularly warning signs. 2. Design Standards a. Lighting standards should meet or exceed those established within the city of Allen lighting ordinance. Issues regarding light pollution and sensitivity will be handled on a case-by-case basis. 25 B. Retaining Walls 1. Design Goals • To be most effective functionally and visually at the scale of the trail user, walls should be terraced, if heights of over 4 feet are anticipated. Terraced walls may provide seating, viewing, and a separation of the path from adjacent development, etc. Walls that provide seating should be separated from the mainstream flow of traffic. Seating areas should be situated at points of visual interest. • Incorporate interest, texture, and detail in the design where feasible. 2. Design Standards a. Refer to Figure 19 for typical construction. b. All Retaining Walls to be designed by a Texas Licensed Professional Engineer. wn11 nes�N�: o:maao::� U'u. J' 16"ran la•Pn ITNm mIS ..1,I nirt. wM J]"nnn 6 'J'1mn31J"n nn I 11 10T4N"v n iI' ;H' 19 BATTER - GAP STONE 4" PCR FOOT tEib ' @ W AGK AL 4' P V.L IF PE FORRA Ot446E TO DE VERs OAS �r AT a' OO FOR WALLS N FOR A DEP-. OF 10' EXCESS OF T' -E:6-1 SLOE MH NO' TO EXCEED / 'VCR- TO'O'wORZ c><E MORTAR ,O'.NTE- r-0., •,.• WAVEL P O6 T � FM- IN FILTER ER WALLS IN -- . r c .,`^-"1L�NY1 5 EVERT EXCESFOR EXCESS OF T' uEibNT¢TME VERT B z - - -i I\ EXCESS CFr < ORA NA6E !LOW Pi NA -We 1+ATERi AL9 MAY M .ATE TiLTEa FAoalc ..�_.�%-� �D LONTiM1LOIf bRAV�1 DJR AFiAL-CONTNLO� PL'ER AER%tAPPEO :N ... BOTTOM < ROW6 a WAL5 L AiG ( ., I 1 (AOR NAL -S W' A t M 51- (XI E.5 N6 SO'- IN EXCESS OF <FEET. EOTTQLA A"ER_ OF RO)y< TO 3E _ Ba y P -ACED ON WOEST;REED EO - FIGURE 19 -RETAINING WALLS M. IV. Abbreviations & Glossary AASHTO- American Association Of State Highway and Transportation Officials ADA- Americans with Disabilities Act Bicycle- A vehicle having two tandem wheels, either of which is more than 16" in diameter or having three wheels in contact with the ground any of which is more that 16" propelled solely by human power, upon which any persons or person may ride Bicycle Facility: A general term denoting bicycle improvements and provisions made by public agencies to accommodate or encourage bicycling including parking facilities, mapping of all bikeways, and shared roadways not specifically designated for bicycle use. Bicycle Lane: A portion of a roadway, which has been designated by striping, signage, and pavement markings for the preferential or exclusive use of bicycles. (Standard widths are 4'-6')._ Bicycle Path: A bikeway physically separated from motorized vehicular traffic by an open space or barrier and either within the highway right of way or within an independent right of way. Bicycle Route: A segment of a system of bikeways designated by the jurisdiction having authority with appropriate directional and informational markers with or without specific bicycle route number. (The decision to provide a route should be based on providing continuity of the travel system and advisability encouraging bicycle use on a particular road instead of a parallel and adjacent highways). Bikeway: Any road, path, or way, which in some manner is specifically designated and which may legally be used by bicycles regardless of whether such facilities are designated for the exclusive use of bicycles or are to be shared with other transportation modes. COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS (COG)- An association of local governments to make studies and plans to guide far-reaching development of a region, to eliminate duplication and to promote the economy of an area. Greenway: A greenway is a linear, landscape corridor of significant length accommodating multiple uses. Highway: A general term denoting land, property or interest therein, usually in a strip, acquired for or devoted to transportation purposes. Right of Way: A general term land, property, or interest thereby usually in a strip, acquired for or devoted to transportation purposes. Roadway: The portion of the highway, including shoulders for vehicular use. Shared Roadway: Any roadway upon which a bicycle lane is not designated and which may legally be used by bicycles regardless of whether such facility is specifically designated as a bikeway. Shoulder Bikeway/Walkway: Shared roadway designed for bicycle and pedestrian usage. Common in rural areas. Shoulder Bikeways/Walkways accommodate cyclists on paved roadway shoulders resulting in fewer conflicts with motor vehicles. 27 idewalk: The portion of the highway designed for preferential or exclusive use by pedestrians Traffic Calming: Traffic calming aims to reduce the dominance and speed of motor vehicles. It employs a variety of techniques to cut vehicle speeds. Traffic calming is far from a policy against the car. It simply means motor traffic has to lose its dominance in cases where it has become a nuisance and a danger. Effective applications emancipate the pedestrian, reclaim public and cycle transport, and preserve the historic built em,mmment. TXDOT- Texas Department of Transportation Wide Outside Lane: Wider outside vehicle lanes (greater than 12") are created to accommodate parallel travel of vehicles and bicycles on the outside edge of the lane. In the absence of bicyclists, vehicles may use the extra width. 28 VI. APPENDICES FIGURE 1 a. TRAIL INTERSECTION FIGURE 1b. TRAIL INTERSECTION (IO' W DE TRAIL, & O.O. FOR B' WIDE TRAIL - FIGURE 2. HARD SURFACE CONCRETE TRAIL 29 _LARn� SAND &RUBBING +PER DISCRETION OF WIDTH PARKS DEPARTMENT REGARDING TREE - - 28' 5ELEOTIVE" PRESERVATION THINNING WIDTH FIGURE 3 - MINIMUM WIDTH AND CLEARANCE R=V2 15(e+t) Where: R = Minimmn radius of curvature (ft) V = Design speed e = Rate of superelevation f = Coefficient of friction TABLE 1: Minimum Radii for Paved Bicycle Paths Design Speed Friction Factor —£ Minimum Radius V (mph): R (feet) (1 MPH =1.6 kn/hr) (1 ft. = 0.3 m) 20 0.27 95 25 0.25 155 30 0.22 250 35 0.19 390 40 0.17 565 TABLE 1: MINIMUM RADIUS 30 R • RADIUS OF CURvATURE (FROM TABLE 1) W WIDTH OF BIKEWAY e CENTRAL ANGLE OF THE OURVE OR DEFLECTION BETWEEN SEGMENTS MAXIMUM WIDENING SHALL BE LIMITED TO 4 FEET 0 WHEN WIDENING REACHES 4 FEEVA 5%4') THAT WIDTH SHALL BE CARRIED ON A RADIUS R•4 THROU L! THE CENTAL PORTION OF THE OUR le. S6 4) AS S.. FIGURE 4 -TRAIL WIDENING zo b 1 sl Ic dp Is 0 U 50 p0 SO 200 250 300 350 <W W11111yt SrODolfp 0111, ,. - Fe. v+ 5' me.p 'vcr v 't-- S -wry Slyit D4fmcr ir. DPcana �4 . vWPIFt: RN ix:w+P SKI 1 e CMfllGlmf Pf F/ICllan fuse 0351 G � Qoy ilJfl.lrlu/NP FIGURE 5 - MINIMUM STOPPING DISTANCE 31 E FIGURE 6 - VERTICAL CURVE LENGTH 40 100 200 300 FIGURE 7 - MINIMUM LATERAL CLEARANCE 32 M • En wb.+ ve A• �, ry rm�q� r - FIGURE 6 - VERTICAL CURVE LENGTH 40 100 200 300 FIGURE 7 - MINIMUM LATERAL CLEARANCE 32 WITH A TRANSVERSE NEAW 3' TOOLED JOINT EVERY T-0" �I ROOK !SIZE TO BE DETERMINED TO BE STAOI BY STMCTURAL ENGINEER) AND BURIED FIGURE 8 - FLOOD RESISTANCE PATH SECTION GRAVEL FINES WITH ADEOUATE BINEDER FIGURE 9 -TYPICAL GRAVEL FINES 33 FIGURE 10 - BRIDGE PLAN AND ELEVATION 34 CONCRETE PAVING ` •• IOCONCRETE , BIKEPATH •. � . e ... a5ECTA •' SEDT ' e•J 12"X24" CONCRETE' r • ' ... •_ „_. BRIDGE PLAN N.T.S. 10" CONCRETE SPAN DECK ABVMENT WALL Y• CONCRETE 6 5TEEL REINFORCEMENT TO BE DETERMINED BY LICENSED ENGINEER CONTINUOUS CONCRETE FOOTING , ` SECTION N.LS FIGURE 11 - LOW WATER CROSSING 35 B TYPICAL O FALL Q VERT SECTION H1S �vient \��ivfFi£uF D pgAL CHANR SE �" NTgS. FIGURE 12 - CULVERT PIPE MODIFICATION 36 M 517JATIONS WHERE THE TRAIL APPROACH TO CULVERT UNDERPASS 15 DIRECT AND THE CULVERT ITSELF STRAIGHT FOR CLEAR V 5101LITY, THE USE OF A SINGLE CULVERT OAK FUNOTION FOR TAO -WAY TRAFFIC. APPROPRIATE 516NAbE SHOULD BE RALE PRIOR TO ENTERING T E CULVERT ZONE OA SINGLE UNDERPABB N T.& IN ST)ATION5 WHERE THE TRAIL APPROACH TO CULVERT UNDERPASS 15 CURVED, THE CULVERT ITSELF 15 CURVED (PREVENTING U5ER5 VIEW TO DAYLIGHT, OR WIDTH OF THE CULVERT 15 LESS THAN 10, THE USE OF 3 (TWO) CULVERTS ARE DEEDED EACH CULVERT Y LD FUNCTION AS ONE WAY FOR THE USER LANE DIVIDES AND APFROAOH SIGNAGE SHOULD BE DISPLAYED PRIOR TO CULVERT ZONE /1 DOUBLE UNDERPASS N.T.S NEW VANDAL RESISTENT LIGHT E%PAN5I0N BOLT /1 UNDERPASS UGHfING N.T.S. VANUAL-RE515TANTIIGHT. ATJN]ERIfd INT FO WITH EF'O%Y PAINT FGR EASY bRAFITTI REMOVAL DRAINAGE _�.-: IIS%CROVM -f— 14' MINIMUM WIDTH 'r� �\ NEW CULVERT UNDERPASS V ;N FIGURE 13 - CULVERT UNDERPASS 37 42" SAFETY RAIL SLOPE 15 5'CE PATH EQUAL TO OR STEEPER THAN I I LE55 THAN 5' FIGURE 14a - SAFETY RAILING -._AR END C:" RA. -'N6 AAA- -;;ZOv -RAI- \T �q FIGURE 14b - SAFETY RAILING 38 dLYLIE RL fE%xlBli 110, dLYLLE A!p PFCEBTRIAN F/GILITIES PLMNIHS PAd GE41E11 WIOSIKS, XGATN GCNIRAL TE%ns L0.NLIL Lf 60JERHMENf51 FIGURE 15 -ROUTE SIGNAGE /C P0. 1RPILIErb YL_/ REIWVPBLE IE M . LANp9LnF£ MAMRITERI/1511µ1 wNSIST of sNRes nNo sncu�dcovcrs TNnT rvlu Puow erERSBIcr v�ILLm ro vRlve oven Ween else RALK �'8x. wnTQ ramrnw yy yy 1 rsu c FaTPPLMM... FIGURE 16 - PRIMARY TRAILHEAD MARKER 790 FIGURE 17 - SECONDARY TRAIL MARKER /YlLW Sb' MIN. OF SIGEYNLK ON EITER SIDE OP 9APETY SIRIPIILS REMOVPELE EWJ.pR[ PRWIL£ SgFE1y S1R ARdI'M EOLLMO O� FIGURE 18 -AT-GRADE CROSSING GLS 4" PER FST NGISMT. .... . BILK OP YIALL TO BE vCEnLAL FOR A pEP{'N a Ie• I' VERT TOW Ib LO 6RAYELPONnmqug) ON[L... !IwT _ F� OR PIWnLLS IN ENLE'L OP T' MElebrt MATE , 5 MAY Im RLLTRR FABRIL POLKET IN FILTER FASRN:. I Well Denpn INmrnrian WxnO,.j B D W tllu4'I6"mm. l2"nim. 1'm6' 24"mm 18"mm. 11'nmI 42" vtiv. 1" min 14"mm. Croltl dg"mo. W'min Id"min. LAP STOIC �2 ":,GPb¢Itl8215.EYER+' OTNER ROW FOIZ THE NEXT g RO/b F41TN AI M p E*LE55 OF <' 04 _pFPR A W DRAKE.. AT S' OL. PM s A" A Nl! N (W IN ExL OF f FEET. �__..—_.. BOTTOM LAYER _OF ROLK TO Ee PEALED ON IJNOESTyRBED SOL FIGURE 19 - RETAINING WALL 41